Explanation of Boiling and Evaporation using Kinetic Theory - JSS2 Basic science Lesson Note

Boiling and evaporation both involve liquid turning into vapor, but they differ in terms of energy input. In boiling, the entire liquid reaches its boiling point, and bubbles form throughout. This happens when the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure. Kinetic theory explains this as high-energy particles (those with enough kinetic energy) breaking free from the liquid's surface to form bubbles. Evaporation, on the other hand, occurs at any temperature, where particles with sufficient energy break free from the liquid's surface and turn into vapor. Kinetic theory clarifies that it's the most energetic particles that escape, lowering the average kinetic energy (and thus, the temperature) of the remaining liquid.