Extrusive Features/Landforms - SS3 Geography Lesson Note

Volcanoes: Volcanoes are the most well-known extrusive landforms. They result from the eruption of molten rock, ash, and gases onto the Earth's surface. Volcanoes can have various shapes, such as shield volcanoes (broad and flat) or stratovolcanoes (steep and conical).

 

Lava Plateaus: Lava plateaus are extensive, flat landforms created by repeated lava flows covering large areas. As the lava cools and solidifies, it forms a thick, relatively flat surface.

 

Cinder Cones: Cinder cones are small, steep-sided volcanoes built up around a vent. They are usually made of volcanic debris, such as ash and cinders, ejected during eruptions.

 

Lava Flows: Lava flows are streams of molten rock that spread across the surface. They can be either pahoehoe (smooth and ropy) or aa (rough and blocky) in texture, depending on the type of lava.

 

Volcanic Craters: These are depressions or pits at the summit of a volcano, often resulting from the eruption or collapse of the volcano's central vent. They can vary in size and shape.