Functions of Constitution - JSS1 Civic education Lesson Note

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Structural Framework:
- The constitution establishes the structure of government, defining the various branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) and their respective powers and responsibilities.
Allocation of Powers:
- It allocates powers among different levels of government (federal, state, or local) in federal systems or among different branches of government in unitary systems.
Protection of Individual Rights:
- Constitutions typically include a bill of rights or similar provisions that outline and protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, ensuring citizens' liberties are safeguarded.
Rule of Law:
- Constitutions emphasize the rule of law, establishing a legal framework that applies equally to all citizens and government officials. This principle ensures justice, fairness, and accountability.
Limitation on Government Authority:
- The constitution places limitations on the authority of the government to prevent abuse of power, protecting citizens from arbitrary actions and ensuring checks and balances.
Amendment Process:
- It provides a mechanism for amending or revising the constitution, allowing for necessary changes over time while maintaining stability and continuity.
National Identity and Values:
- Constitutions often express the core values and principles that define the nation, contributing to a sense of national identity and unity.
Conflict Resolution:
- In diverse societies, constitutions can serve as a mechanism for resolving conflicts by establishing principles for accommodating different interests and perspectives.
Establishment of Government Institutions:
- The constitution creates and defines the roles and functions of various government institutions, specifying how they interact and cooperate within the legal framework.
Judicial Review:
- Many constitutions grant the judiciary the power of judicial review, allowing courts to interpret laws and assess their constitutionality, acting as a check on legislative and executive actions.