Meaning and characteristics of karst topography - SS3 Geography Lesson Note

Karst topography is a unique and distinctive type of landscape that forms due to the dissolution of soluble rocks, primarily limestone, but also includes dolomite and gypsum. This process of dissolution occurs primarily through the chemical reaction of water with the minerals in the rock. 

 

Source:(quora.com)

 

Formation and Characteristics:

• Dissolution of Soluble Rock: Karst topography primarily forms in areas where there is a significant presence of soluble rocks. Rainwater, which is slightly acidic due to carbon dioxide absorption from the atmosphere, seeps into the ground and reacts with the calcium carbonate in limestone and other soluble rocks.

 

• Development of Caves: Over time, as water continues to erode the rock, it forms underground caves and passages. These caves can vary in size from small tunnels to extensive underground systems, some of which can be quite large and complex.

 

• Sinkholes: As the dissolution process continues, the ground above the caves becomes weakened, and eventually, collapses can occur, creating surface depressions known as sinkholes. These sinkholes come in various sizes and shapes, and they are a distinctive feature of karst regions.

 

• Resurgence Springs: The water that infiltrates the ground and flows through underground cave systems often resurfaces at springs, known as resurgence springs. These springs are a characteristic feature of karst landscapes and can discharge large volumes of water.

 

• Lack of Surface Drainage: Karst regions often lack well-defined surface drainage, as the water is primarily carried through underground conduits. This can lead to the rapid disappearance of streams and rivers into the ground, only to reappear at resurgence springs downstream.