Probability of Chance Events - JSS2 Mathematics Lesson Note

Probability measures how likely it is for a particular event to occur, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). It is calculated as the ratio of favorable outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes.

Examples of Probability:

Coin Toss: The probability of flipping a fair coin and getting heads is 1/2 or 0.5. This means there's an equal chance of getting heads or tails.

Dice Roll: Rolling a fair six-sided die, the probability of rolling a 3 is 1/6 because there's only one favorable outcome out of six possible outcomes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

Card Draw: Drawing an ace from a standard deck of cards has a probability of 4/52 (since there are 4 aces in a deck of 52 cards), which simplifies to 1/13.

Weather Probability: A weather forecast might state a 70% chance of rain tomorrow. This means out of 100 similar weather situations, rain would occur in about 70 of them.

Probability in Sports: In a soccer match, the probability of a team winning can be estimated based on factors like recent performance, opponent strength, and historical data.