2018 - JAMB Biology Past Questions and Answers - page 5

Osmoregulation. Paramecium and amoeba live in fresh water. Their cytoplasm contains a greater concentration of solutes than their surroundings and so they absorb water by osmosis. The excess water is collected into a contractile vacuole which swells and finally expels water through an opening in the cell membrane. : Excretion in Paramecium is carried out by the Contractile vacuoles

Blood plasma is a yellowish liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension. In other words, it is the liquid part of the blood that carries cells and proteins throughout the body. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. ~ Wikipedia

Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air.

Osmoregulation. Paramecium and amoeba live in fresh water. Their cytoplasm contains a greater concentration of solutes than their surroundings and so they absorb water by osmosis. The excess water is collected into a contractile vacuole which swells and finally expels water through an opening in the cell membrane. < a href="http://www.biology-resources.com/paramecium-01.html" target="_blank">biology-resources.com

Extracellular digestion is a process in which saprobionts feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food. The enzymes catalyze the digestion of the food into molecules small enough to be taken up by passive diffusion, transport, or phagocytosis. Rhizopus use extracellular digestion.

On the 21st day of incubation the chick finishes its escape from the shell. The initial break in the shell is made by the egg tooth. This is referred to as external pipping

There are four major groups of cnidarians:
Anthozoa, which includes true corals, anemones, and sea pens;
Cubozoa, the amazing box jellies with complex eyes and potent toxins;
Hydrozoa, the most diverse group with siphonophores, hydroids, fire corals, and many medusae; and
Scyphozoa, the true jellyfish. ucmp.berkeley.edu

Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides The implication of this is that the level of Y (region of higher concentration) would rise, X (region of lower concentration) would fall to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

Xeromorphic describe the structural modifications of certain plants (xerophytes) that enable them to reduce water loss, particularly from their leaves and stems.

Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endotherms. Hibernation refers to a season of heterothermy characterized by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate