Sensors and Actuators - JSS3 Basic technology Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Sensors are devices that detect physical stimuli such as light, temperature, or motion and convert them into electrical signals. For instance, a temperature sensor measures ambient temperature and sends corresponding signals to control systems, enabling adjustments for climate control in smart homes or industrial processes.

Actuators are essential components that convert electrical signals into physical action. They play crucial roles in automated systems by controlling mechanisms like valves, motors, or robotic arms. For example, in manufacturing, actuators ensure precise movements in assembly lines, while in vehicles, they regulate components like engine valves or adjust mirror positions based on electronic commands.

Sensors are integral to various applications in everyday life, such as in smartphones with proximity sensors that enable touchless interfaces. They also monitor environmental conditions in agriculture through soil moisture sensors, optimising irrigation and crop yield. Additionally, sensors in healthcare devices track vital signs, ensuring accurate patient monitoring and timely medical interventions.

Actuators enable industrial automation by controlling heavy machinery, such as hydraulic actuators that lift heavy loads or pneumatic actuators that operate robotic arms in manufacturing. They ensure precision and efficiency in production processes by executing repetitive tasks with minimal human intervention, thereby improving productivity and safety.

The advantages of sensors and actuators include enhanced automation, increased efficiency, and improved safety in various industries. However, challenges such as calibration accuracy, maintenance costs, and compatibility issues with existing systems require continuous innovation and adaptation in sensor and actuator technologies to meet evolving demands effectively.