The Internet and The World Wide Web - JSS3 Basic technology Past Questions and Answers - page 2

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that enables communication and data sharing across the world. It functions by using a standardised set of protocols to transmit data in the form of packets. This interconnected system allows users to access information, send emails, stream videos, and more. The infrastructure consists of routers, switches, and various transmission media, enabling diverse services and applications.

Search engines like Google and Bing work by crawling and indexing web pages across the internet, then using algorithms to rank these pages based on relevance to user queries. When a user types a search query, the search engine quickly scans its index to provide the most relevant results. The primary purpose of search engines is to help users find specific information, websites, and web pages efficiently.

Antivirus software protects computers from viruses, malware, and other malicious threats. It scans files and programs for known malware signatures and behaviours, quarantining or removing any threats detected. Regular updates are crucial to keep the software effective against the latest threats. By preventing malware infections, antivirus software helps maintain the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data on a computer.

 Key components of a computer network include routers, switches, cables, and devices with network interface cards (NICs). Routers direct data between different networks, while switches connect multiple devices within a single network, forwarding data based on MAC addresses. Cables (such as Ethernet) physically connect devices, and NICs enable devices to interface with the network. These components work together to facilitate communication and resource sharing.

Internet safety is crucial to protect personal and sensitive information from cyber threats like hacking, phishing, and malware. Measures to enhance internet safety include using strong, unique passwords, installing and updating antivirus software, enabling firewalls, being cautious with emails and links, and regularly updating software. These practices help secure devices and data, reducing the risk of unauthorised access and cyber attacks.