Transport/Circulatory System - SS2 Biology Past Questions and Answers - page 2
Which chamber of the human heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Which chamber of the human heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Left ventricle
What is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?
Pulmonary artery
Coronary artery
Aorta
Which type of blood vessel supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle itself?
Pulmonary artery
Coronary artery
Carotid artery
Discuss the mechanisms of nutrient and waste transport in unicellular organisms. How does diffusion play a role in their circulatory system?
Unicellular organisms rely on diffusion for the transport of nutrients and waste products within their bodies. As single-celled organisms, they have a high surface-to-volume ratio, allowing for efficient exchange of substances through their cell membrane via diffusion.
Compare and contrast the circulatory systems of simple multicellular organisms and mammals. How do these systems adapt to the respective organisms' needs?
Simple multicellular organisms have an open circulatory system, where hemolymph is pumped by a heart-like structure and directly bathes the tissues. Mammals, on the other hand, have a closed circulatory system with a four-chambered heart and specialized blood vessels that allow for efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery to body tissues.
Explain the role of the vascular system in plants. How does it aid in the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant?
Plants have a complex vascular system composed of xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while phloem carries sugars produced during photosynthesis to different parts of the plant, including storage organs and growing tissues.
Explore the composition and functions of human blood. What are the different components of blood and their roles in maintaining homeostasis?
Human blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Red blood cells transport oxygen, while white blood cells play a vital role in the immune response. Platelets aid in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
Discuss the structure and functions of the heart and blood vessels in the circulatory system. How do these components work together to ensure efficient circulation of blood throughout the body?
The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood. It consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. Blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, form a network that transports blood throughout the body. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart, and capillaries allow for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between blood and tissues.