Concept Of Computer Files II - SS2 ICT Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Sequential File Organization stores records in a linear order, allowing for easy addition and retrieval of data, but accessing specific records out of sequence can be slow. Direct File Organization, on the other hand, enables direct access to any record using an address or key, making random access faster. This is achieved through indexing or hashing techniques. In summary, sequential is better for processing all records in order, while direct (random) is better for accessing specific records quickly.

Indexed Sequential File Organization combines sequential and indexed methods. Records are stored in a linear order, but an index is maintained that points to the physical location of each record. This speeds up access since the index provides direct pointers to the data, making it more efficient than pure sequential access. This method is especially useful when you want both sequential processing and random access capabilities.

Files can be classified based on their use, such as program files (containing executable code), data files (containing user data), configuration files (storing settings), and temporary files (for temporary data storage). Additionally, files can be categorized based on access rights, such as read-only files (can only be viewed), read-write files (can be modified), and executable files (programs that can be run). These classifications help in managing and securing different types of files.

Sequential access is more suitable when processing large amounts of data in a particular order, like reading a large log file sequentially. It's efficient for batch processing. Random access is ideal when quick retrieval of specific data is necessary, like accessing a particular customer's information from a database. For example, in a library system, sequentially listing all books would be a sequential task, while finding a specific book by its ISBN would require random access.

A flat file structure stores data in a simple format, often as plain text, with no inherent structure. This can be quick and straightforward, but may lack organization for complex data. Structured file structures use formats like XML, JSON, or databases with tables and rows, offering organization and relationships between data elements. While structured formats are more versatile and can handle complex data, they might be more complex to implement and manage compared to flat files