2013 - WAEC Government Past Questions and Answers - page 4

The most fundamental principle defining credible elections is that they must reflect the free expression of the will of the people. To achieve this, elections should be transparent, inclusive, and accountable, and there must be equitable opportunities to compete in the elections. Guarantee the security of electoral officers and materials

An indirect election is an election in which voters do not choose between candidates for an office, but elect people who then choose. It is one of the oldest forms of elections, and is still used today for many presidents, cabinets, upper houses, and supranational legislatures.

An electoral college is a body of electors chosen or appointed by a larger group.

Delimiting the country into constituencies is the division of electoral constituents into smaller units for election purpose. It is usually the job of the electoral commission

While a political party is a group of people who organize to win elections, operate the government, and determine public policy, pressure groups is a group of people who share common goals and who actively try to influence policymakers.

With public opinion, the government of the day will know how the masses feel about the government and the opinions can be used to serves a number of purposes for a campaign, whether it is a political campaign or some other type of campaign. It can also be use to show them what types of voters they are sure to win, those they are sure to lose, and everyone in-between these two extremes.

The anonymity of the civil service is linked to two concepts: permanence and neutrality. Civil servants, many of whom remain in their jobs whilst serving numerous governments, are likely to have to give advice to governments of different political parties, who may have different attitudes to policy. 

 The advice they give needs to be given to ministers both freely and also without fear of adverse public or political reactions and without fear of future career damage. 

Red-tapism; the practice of requiring excessive paperwork and tedious procedures before official action can be considered or completed.

A public corporation is created by a special Act of the Parliament or the State Legislature. 

"Public corporation" means an entity that is created by the state to carry out public missions and services by providing essential services that is not profit oriented.