Describe the concept of time constant in an RC ... - SS2 Physics Electronics Question

The time constant in an RC circuit is defined as the product of the resistance (R) and the capacitance (C). It represents the time it takes for the voltage or current to reach approximately 63.2% (1 - 1/e) of its final value during charging or discharging. The time constant is crucial in determining the rate at which the capacitor charges or discharges and influences the behaviour of the circuit. A smaller time constant results in a faster charging or discharging process, while a larger time constant leads to a slower response. The time constant also affects the shape of the voltage or current waveform, with a shorter time constant resulting in a steeper curve and a longer time constant resulting in a more gradual curve.