Describe the major zones of the marine habitat ... - SS2 Biology Aquatic Habitats Question

The major zones of the marine habitat are the intertidal zone, neritic zone, oceanic zone, and benthic zone. The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tide and experiences regular changes in water level, temperature, and salinity. Organisms in this zone, such as barnacles and crabs, have adaptations like strong attachment structures and the ability to withstand exposure to air and waves during low tide. The neritic zone extends from the coast to the edge of the continental shelf and is characterized by relatively shallow waters with high levels of sunlight penetration. Here, organisms like kelp and coral reefs thrive due to the availability of light for photosynthesis. They have adaptations such as holdfasts and symbiotic relationships with other organisms to anchor themselves and capture sunlight efficiently. The oceanic zone is the vast open ocean beyond the continental shelf. Organisms in this zone, such as tuna and whales, have adaptations for swimming and navigating long distances. They possess streamlined bodies, powerful fins, and specialized respiratory systems that enable efficient oxygen uptake from the water. The benthic zone refers to the ocean floor, which can vary in depth from shallow coastal areas to the deep abyssal plain. Organisms living in this zone, such as sea cucumbers and deep-sea fishes, have adaptations for survival in extreme conditions, including low temperatures, high pressure, and limited food availability. They may possess bioluminescent features, elongated bodies, and specialized sensory organs to detect prey and navigate in the darkness.