Question on: SS1 Chemistry - Acids, Bases, and Salts

Bases are typically named following the rules of ionic compounds. They are named based on the cation they contain and are often referred to as hydroxides.

 

Naming Bases:

-       Bases containing a metal cation and the hydroxide ion (OH-) are named by combining the name of the metal with the word "hydroxide." For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

 

Common Bases and their Properties:

1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): White, crystalline solid. It is a strong base and a common ingredient in cleaning agents, detergents, and drain cleaners.
2. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2): White, crystalline solid. It is a strong base commonly known as slaked lime and is used in construction, agriculture, and as a pH regulator.
3. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH): Colourless liquid with a strong odour. It is a weak base commonly referred to as ammonia water and is used in cleaning agents and household products.
4. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2): White, powdery solid. It is a weak base and is commonly used as an antacid and in laxatives.
5. Aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3): White, gelatinous solid. It is a weak base and is used in antiperspirants, as an antacid, and in the production of aluminium compounds.

 

Bases are known for their ability to accept protons (H+) or donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in chemical reactions. They have properties that include a bitter taste, a slippery feel, and the ability to turn red litmus paper blue.