Discuss the naming conventions and properties o... - SS1 Chemistry Acids, Bases, and Salts Question

Bases are typically named following the rules of ionic compounds. They are named based on the cation they contain and are often referred to as hydroxides.

 

Naming Bases:

-       Bases containing a metal cation and the hydroxide ion (OH-) are named by combining the name of the metal with the word "hydroxide." For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

 

Common Bases and their Properties:

1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): White, crystalline solid. It is a strong base and a common ingredient in cleaning agents, detergents, and drain cleaners.
2. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2): White, crystalline solid. It is a strong base commonly known as slaked lime and is used in construction, agriculture, and as a pH regulator.
3. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH): Colourless liquid with a strong odour. It is a weak base commonly referred to as ammonia water and is used in cleaning agents and household products.
4. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2): White, powdery solid. It is a weak base and is commonly used as an antacid and in laxatives.
5. Aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3): White, gelatinous solid. It is a weak base and is used in antiperspirants, as an antacid, and in the production of aluminium compounds.

 

Bases are known for their ability to accept protons (H+) or donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in chemical reactions. They have properties that include a bitter taste, a slippery feel, and the ability to turn red litmus paper blue.