Which of the following is a common property of ... - JAMB Chemistry 2023 Question

A more detailed explanation of why non-metals tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions:

1. Electron Affinity: Non-metals generally have a higher electron affinity, which means they have a greater tendency to gain electrons. Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion (anion).

2. Electronegativity: Non-metals typically have higher electronegativity values compared to metals. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond. Non-metals, being more electronegative, have a tendency to attract electrons toward themselves.

3. Formation of Anions: In chemical reactions, non-metals often form negative ions (anions) by gaining electrons. This behaviour allows them to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. By gaining electrons, non-metals can fill or complete their outer electron shells.

4. Ionic Bonds in Compounds: Non-metals and metals often form ionic compounds through the transfer of electrons. In these compounds, non-metals acquire electrons from metals, leading to the formation of negatively charged ions (anions). The attraction between positively charged metal ions (cations) and negatively charged non-metal ions results in the ionic bond.

In summary, the tendency of non-metals to gain electrons is deeply rooted in their electron affinity and electronegativity, ultimately leading to the formation of negatively charged ions in various chemical reactions.