Angiosperms - Kingdom: Plantae - SS1 Biology Lesson Note
Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are classified into two main divisions: monocots (Monocotyledonae) and dicots (Dicotyledonae), based on the number of cotyledons (seed leaves) present in their embryos. These divisions reflect differences in various characteristics of the plants. Here is an overview of each division:
1. Monocots (Monocotyledonae):
- Cotyledons: Monocots have a single cotyledon in their embryos.
- Leaves: Monocot leaves usually have parallel veins, meaning the veins run parallel to each other from the base to the tip of the leaf.
- Floral Parts: Monocot flowers typically have floral parts in multiples of three (e.g., three petals, three sepals).
- Root System: Monocots generally have fibrous root systems, where roots branch out extensively without a dominant taproot.
- Stem Anatomy: Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles, meaning the bundles are scattered throughout the stem.
- Examples: Grasses (such as rice, wheat, and corn), lilies, orchids, palms, and irises are all examples of monocots.
2. Dicots (Dicotyledonae) or Eudicots:
- Cotyledons: Dicots have two cotyledons in their embryos.
- Leaves: Dicot leaves commonly have a network of branching veins.
- Floral Parts: Dicot flowers often have floral parts in multiples of four or five.
- Root System: Dicots usually have a taproot system, consisting of a main root from which smaller lateral roots branch out.
- Stem Anatomy: Dicot stems typically have organized vascular bundles arranged in a ring or cylinder.
Examples: Most familiar flowering plants, including roses, sunflowers, tomatoes, beans, and oak trees, are dicots.
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