Basic Terminologies and Protocols - SS3 ICT Lesson Note

These fundamental concepts and technologies are the building blocks of the World Wide Web, enabling the seamless sharing of information and resources across the internet.

•  URL (Uniform Resource Locator): A URL is a web address that specifies the location of a resource on the internet. It typically consists of a protocol (e.g., "http" or "https"), a domain name (e.g., "www.example.com"), and a specific path to the resource.

 

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): HTTP is the protocol used for transmitting data on the World Wide Web. It defines how web browsers and web servers communicate, allowing users to request and retrieve web pages.

 

• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It defines the structure and layout of web content using elements and tags.

 

• Web Browser: A web browser is a software application that allows users to access and view web pages. Popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge.

 

• Web Server: A web server is a computer or software that hosts web content and serves it to users' web browsers upon request.

 

• HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data transmission between the web browser and web server, ensuring the privacy and integrity of data.

 

• Hyperlink: A hyperlink is a clickable element on a web page that allows users to navigate to other web pages, documents, or resources. It is often represented as text or an image.

 

• WWW Consortium (W3C): The World Wide Web Consortium is an organization that develops and maintains web standards and protocols to ensure the long-term growth and accessibility of the WWW.

 

Example of a Well-Structured URL and Its Components:

A well-structured URL consists of several components. Here's an example: "https://www.example.com:8080/path/to/resource?query=example&id=123"

 

Protocol: "https" specifies the communication protocol.

Domain: "www.example.com" is the domain name, identifying the website.

Port: ":8080" indicates the port number for the web server (optional).

Path: "/path/to/resource" defines the location of the specific web resource.

Query Parameters: "?query=example&id=123" contains key-value pairs that provide additional information to the web server.