Biomes In Nigeria - SS1 Biology Lesson Note

Nigeria, located in West Africa, exhibits a range of biomes due to its diverse climate, topography, and geographical features. Here are some of the major biomes found in Nigeria:

1.     Tropical Rainforest: The southern part of Nigeria, particularly the Cross River region and parts of the Niger Delta, is characterized by tropical rainforests. These biomes have high rainfall and humidity, supporting a dense and diverse vegetation canopy, including species like mahogany, iroko, and oil palm. The rainforests harbor a variety of animal species, including primates, reptiles, and birds.

2.     Sudan and Guinea Savanna: The central and northern regions of Nigeria predominantly feature Sudan and Guinea Savannas, a biome characterized by a mix of grasslands and scattered trees. These savanna biomes experience a wet and dry season and supports species such as grasses, acacia trees, and shrubs. Wildlife found in this biome includes antelopes, zebras, elephants, and various bird species.

3.     Sahel/Semi-arid Region: The extreme northern part of Nigeria falls within the Sahel region, characterized by a semi-arid climate. This biome is marked by sparse vegetation, drought-resistant shrubs, thorny trees, and grasses adapted to arid conditions. Wildlife in this region includes desert-adapted animals such as camels, gazelles, and lizards.

4.     Mangrove Swamps: Along Nigeria's coastal regions, especially in the Niger Delta and Lagos, mangrove swamps are prominent. These unique biomes occur in intertidal zones, where saltwater and freshwater meet. Mangrove trees, with their characteristic roots adapted to oxygen-deprived soils, dominate this ecosystem. The mangrove swamps provide a vital habitat for various fish species, crustaceans, and waterfowl.

Figure 79 image from nigerianguide.com.ng