Differences Between Plant And Animals - SS1 Biology Lesson Note

Plants and animals are two distinct groups of living organisms with several notable differences. Here are some key differences between plants and animals:

1. Cell Structure: Plants are made up of eukaryotic cells, characterized by a cell wall composed of cellulose, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and large central vacuoles. In contrast, animals are also composed of eukaryotic cells but lack a cell wall and chloroplasts.

2. Nutrition: Plants are autotrophic organisms that can synthesize their own food through the process of photosynthesis. They use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and other organic molecules. Animals, on the other hand, are heterotrophic organisms that obtain their nutrition by consuming other organisms or organic matter.

3. Mobility: Most animals can move from one place to another, exhibiting various forms of locomotion such as walking, swimming, or flying. Plants, however, are generally sessile, rooted in the ground, and do not have the ability to move from one location to another.

4. Reproduction: Plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually. They can produce seeds through sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of male and female gametes. Additionally, many plants can reproduce asexually through methods such as vegetative propagation. Animals reproduce sexually, with male and female individuals producing offspring through the union of gametes.

5. Respiration: Plants carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen, but they also undergo cellular respiration to obtain energy from glucose and release carbon dioxide. Animals solely rely on cellular respiration to obtain energy from organic molecules and release carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

6. Sensory and Nervous Systems: Animals generally have well-developed sensory systems and nervous systems that allow them to perceive and respond to their environment. They possess specialized organs, such as eyes, ears, and a complex brain. Plants, however, do not possess sensory organs or a central nervous system.

7. Growth and Development: Both plants and animals can grow and develop. However, plants typically exhibit indeterminate growth, meaning they continue to grow throughout their lives, while animals generally exhibit determinate growth, reaching a certain size and then ceasing to grow.

8. Structure and Body Systems: Plant structures include roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive structures like flowers. They have a rigid cell wall that provides support. Animals have diverse body structures, including various organ systems such as the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems. They have a flexible body structure, allowing for movement.

These are some of the fundamental differences between plants and animals, highlighting their distinct adaptations and characteristics. It is important to note that there are exceptions and variations within each group, and some organisms, such as certain fungi or protists, may blur the line between plant and animal characteristics.