Enzymes - SS1 Biology Lesson Note

Enzymes play a crucial role in nutrition as they are responsible for facilitating the breakdown of food molecules into smaller, more easily absorbable components. They are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. In the context of nutrition, enzymes are involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body. Here are some key enzymes involved in nutrition:

1.     Amylase: Amylase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of carbohydrates. It breaks down complex carbohydrates, such as starches and glycogen, into simpler sugars like glucose.

2.     Proteases: Proteases, also known as proteolytic enzymes or peptidases, are responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Examples include pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, which are produced in the stomach and pancreas.

3.     Lipases: Lipases are enzymes that break down fats or lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. They play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats.

4.     Lactase: Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products, into glucose and galactose. Individuals who are lactose intolerant lack or have reduced levels of lactase, leading to difficulty digesting lactose.

5.     Maltase, Sucrase, and Lactase: These enzymes are involved in the breakdown of complex sugars like maltose, sucrose, and lactose, respectively, into simpler sugars for absorption.

6.     Cellulase: Cellulase is an enzyme that helps break down cellulose, a complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls. While humans lack cellulase, certain microorganisms in the digestive tracts of animals like cows and termites produce cellulase to digest cellulose.

These are just a few examples of enzymes involved in nutrition. The digestive system produces and utilizes a variety of enzymes to ensure the efficient breakdown and absorption of nutrients from food. Enzyme deficiencies or imbalances can lead to digestive disorders and nutrient absorption problems. In some cases, enzyme supplements may be prescribed to aid in digestion, particularly for individuals with specific enzyme deficiencies or conditions that affect enzyme production.