Factors Affecting Populations - SS1 Biology Lesson Note
Several factors can influence the size, distribution, and dynamics of populations. These factors can be categorized into two main types: biotic factors and abiotic factors. Here are some of the key factors that affect population:
1. Biotic Factors:
§ Predation: The presence of predators can control population size by consuming individuals, which affects prey species' abundance and distribution.
§ Competition: Competition for resources such as food, water, and territory can limit population growth, as individuals within a population compete for limited resources.
§ Disease and Parasites: Disease outbreaks and parasitic infections can reduce population size by causing illness, mortality, and decreased reproductive success.
§ Interactions with Other Species: Interactions such as mutualism (beneficial interaction), commensalism (one species benefits, the other is unaffected), and competition with other species can impact population dynamics.
2. Abiotic Factors:
§ Climate: Environmental factors like temperature, precipitation, and seasonal variations can influence population growth and survival rates, particularly in species with specific climate requirements.
§ Habitat Availability: The availability and quality of suitable habitats can determine the carrying capacity and distribution of populations. Changes in habitat due to factors like deforestation or urbanization can affect population size.
§ Resource Availability: The availability of essential resources such as food, water, nesting sites, and shelter can impact population growth and survival.
§ Natural Disasters: Natural events like floods, wildfires, hurricanes, and droughts can have significant impacts on populations by causing mortality, habitat destruction, and resource scarcity.
§ Pollution and Human Impacts: Human activities, including pollution, habitat destruction, introduction of invasive species, overexploitation, and climate change, can have detrimental effects on populations.