Heterotrophs - SS1 Biology Lesson Note

Heterotrophic nutrition is a type of nutrition in which organisms obtain their energy and nutrients by consuming preformed organic compounds from other organisms. Unlike autotrophs, which can produce their own food, heterotrophs rely on external sources for sustenance. There are several types of heterotrophic nutrition:

1.     Herbivores: Herbivores are organisms that primarily consume plant material such as leaves, stems, and fruits. They obtain energy and nutrients from carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals present in plants.

2.     Carnivores: Carnivores are organisms that mainly feed on other animals. They obtain energy and nutrients by consuming the flesh or body parts of other organisms. Carnivores may be further classified as predators (hunt and kill prey) or scavengers (consume dead animals).

3.     Omnivores: Omnivores have a varied diet that includes both plant and animal matter. They consume a combination of fruits, vegetables, seeds, insects, and small animals.

4.     Detritivores: Detritivores feed on dead organic matter, such as decaying plants and animals. They play a crucial role in the decomposition process, breaking down organic material into simpler forms.

5.     Parasites: Parasites obtain nutrients and energy from a host organism, often causing harm or disease to the host. They may live internally (endoparasites) or externally (ectoparasites).

Heterotrophic nutrition is essential for most organisms on Earth, including humans. It allows them to obtain the necessary energy, macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and other essential components for growth, development, and maintenance of bodily functions.