Lexis and structure - JSS2 English language Lesson Note

Lexis and structure 
Lexis: 
Lexis refers to the vocabulary or words used in a language. It includes nouns (names of people, places, and things), verbs (action words), adjectives (words that describe nouns), adverbs (words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs), and more. Building a strong vocabulary is important for effective communication and understanding of written and spoken language.

Structure:
Structure refers to the way words are organized to form sentences and paragraphs in a language. In English, sentences typically follow a subject-verb-object structure, where the subject performs the action described by the verb on the object. Understanding sentence structure helps in constructing grammatically correct sentences and conveying clear messages.

For example:

Simple Sentence Structure: "The dog (subject) barks (verb) loudly (adverb)."
Compound Sentence Structure: "The dog barks loudly, and the cat meows softly."
Complex Sentence Structure: "Although the dog barks loudly, the cat sleeps peacefully."
Understanding lexis and structure it is essential for improving language skills, including reading comprehension, writing fluency, and effective communication. By expanding vocabulary and mastering sentence structure, students can express themselves more confidently and accurately in both written and spoken English.

Lexis:

Word Families: Words in English often belong to families, where related words share a common root. For example, the word "run" belongs to the same family as "runner," "running," and "ran.

Synonyms and Antonyms: Synonyms are words that have similar meanings, while antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Learning synonyms and antonyms helps in expanding vocabulary and expressing ideas more precisely.

Contextual Meaning: The meaning of a word can vary depending on the context in which it is used. Understanding context clues such as surrounding words, tone, and situation helps in determining the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: Idioms are expressions whose meanings cannot be deduced from the literal meanings of their individual words. Phrasal verbs consist of a verb and one or more particles (usually prepositions or adverbs) and often have idiomatic meanings.

Structure:

Parts of Speech: Understanding the different parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections) helps in analyzing sentence structure and constructing grammatically correct sentences.

Sentence Types: Sentences in English can be classified into four main types: declarative (statements), interrogative (questions), imperative (commands), and exclamatory (exclamations). Each type serves a different purpose and has its own punctuation rules.

Clauses and Phrases: Clauses are groups of words that contain a subject and a verb and can stand alone as complete sentences (independent clauses) or cannot (dependent clauses). Phrases are groups of words that function as a unit within a sentence but do not contain both a subject and a verb.
Sentence Combining: Sentence combining involves joining two or more shorter sentences into a single, more complex sentence. This technique helps in improving sentence variety and fluency in writing.