Lower course of a river - SS1 Geography Lesson Note

The lower course of a river is the final stretch of the river's journey towards its mouth, where it typically meets the sea or a large body of water. This part of the river is characterized by several distinct features and processes.

 

Wider and Deeper: As the river flows downstream, it tends to become wider and deeper. This is because it has accumulated water from various tributaries along the way.

 

Slower Flow: The water in the lower course moves more slowly than in the upper and middle sections of the river. This reduced speed is due to the gentler gradient and the increased volume of water.

 

Deposition: In the lower course, the river often deposits sediment it has been carrying from upstream. This leads to the formation of features like levees. Levees are raised embankments along the sides of the river, built up over time by the deposition of fine sediments during flooding. They act as natural barriers that help prevent the river from overflowing its banks.

 

Meandering: The river in the lower course tends to have a more sinuous or meandering path. This means it curves and winds its way through the landscape, creating oxbow lakes and other intricate features.

 

Delta Formation: Near the river's mouth, where it meets the sea, you might find a delta. Deltas are formed when the river deposits its sediments as it enters the calmer waters of the ocean or a large lake. Deltas are often triangular or fan-shaped and are fertile areas for agriculture.

 

Flattening Landscape: As the river nears its mouth, the landscape becomes flatter. This is due to the deposition of sediments, which levels the terrain.

 

Human Settlements: The lower course of a river is often more populated with human settlements. The fertile soil and easy access to water make it an attractive place for agriculture and commerce.