Main Constituents of a Computer - SS1 ICT Lesson Note

Computer Hardware

Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that you can touch and see.

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These components work together to enable the computer to perform various tasks. Key hardware components include:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, the CPU carries out instructions and performs calculations. It consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for calculations and a control unit to manage the execution of instructions.

Memory (RAM and Storage): Memory is used to store data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. Random Access Memory (RAM) is used for temporary storage of data while the computer is running, while storage devices like hard drives and solid-state drives (SSDs) store data more permanently.

Input/Output Devices: These devices allow users to interact with the computer. Examples include keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and speakers. Input devices send information to the computer, while output devices display or produce the results of computer processes.

Motherboard: The motherboard serves as the main circuit board connecting all the hardware components. It houses the CPU, memory, and various connectors for other peripherals.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Also known as a video card, the GPU is responsible for rendering graphics and images. It's crucial for tasks like gaming and video editing.

 

Computer Software

Computer software refers to the intangible instructions and programs that enable a computer to perform specific tasks. Software is divided into two main categories:

System Software: This includes the operating system (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux), which manages the hardware and provides a user interface.

System software also includes device drivers, which allow the OS to communicate with hardware components. It is the the foundational software that manages and controls the hardware components of a computer system. It provides a platform for running application software and ensures efficient communication between the hardware and the user.

 

Source:(webopedia.com)

 

Application Software: These are programs designed for specific tasks or applications, such as word processing (Microsoft Word), image editing (Adobe Photoshop), and web browsing (Google Chrome).

Application software runs on top of the operating system. These programs are built on top of the system software and leverage its capabilities to provide functionality that meets the user's needs.

In summary, a computer system consists of both hardware (physical components) and software (programs and instructions). The hardware enables the computer to process and store data, while the software provides the necessary instructions for the hardware to perform tasks. Together, these constituents make up the foundation of modern computing.