Materials for transportation in animals - SS2 Biology Lesson Note

The animal transport system, primarily consisting of the circulatory system, transports various materials throughout the body of animals. Here are the main materials transported by the animal transport system:

1.       Oxygen: The circulatory system transports oxygen from the respiratory organs (such as lungs or gills) to the body's cells. Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, where it is used to produce energy.

2.       Carbon Dioxide: The circulatory system carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, from the body's cells to the respiratory organs for elimination from the body.

3.       Nutrients: The digestive system absorbs nutrients from the food we eat, and these nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamins, are transported through the circulatory system to the body's cells. These nutrients provide energy and building blocks for cellular functions and growth.

4.       Hormones: Hormones, which are chemical messengers produced by various glands and organs, are transported by the circulatory system to their target organs or tissues. Hormones regulate processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis.

5.       Waste Products: The circulatory system helps remove waste products generated by cellular metabolism, such as urea and other nitrogenous waste, from cells and transports them to the excretory organs for elimination from the body.

6.       Heat: Blood circulation also plays a role in regulating body temperature. The circulatory system carries heat generated by cellular metabolism to maintain a stable internal temperature.

7.       Immune Cells and Molecules: The circulatory system transports immune cells (such as white blood cells) and immune system molecules (like antibodies) to defend against pathogens and foreign substances. These components help identify and eliminate harmful invaders and support immune responses.

8.       Water and Electrolytes: The circulatory system ensures the distribution of water and electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, throughout the body. These substances are vital for maintaining fluid balance, pH, and cell function.

The specific materials transported by the animal transport system can vary among different animal species and their physiological adaptations. However, the transport of oxygen, nutrients, waste products, hormones, and immune components are fundamental functions of the animal circulatory system.