Mountains types - SS1 Geography Lesson Note
- Fold Mountains: These mountains form when tectonic plates collide and the Earth's crust is pushed upwards, creating folds and wrinkles. The Himalayas are an example of fold mountains.
- Block Mountains: Block mountains develop when the Earth's crust is pulled apart, causing blocks to shift upwards and downwards. The Sierra Nevada Mountains in the United States are an example of block mountains.
- Volcanic Mountains: Volcanic mountains are created when molten rock, ash, and gases erupt from a volcano and accumulate over time. The Hawaiian Islands are formed from volcanic activity.
Mode of Formation:
Fold Mountains result from the compression of Earth's crust during tectonic plate collisions.
Block Mountains occur when the Earth's crust stretches and blocks of land rise or fall.
Volcanic Mountains are formed by the accumulation of volcanic materials from eruptions.
Characteristics of Mountains:
- High Elevation: Mountains are characterized by their significant height above sea level, with peaks that can reach great altitudes.
- Steep Slopes: Mountains typically have steep, rugged slopes and can be covered in snow and ice at higher elevations.
- Varied Climate: Mountain climates vary with altitude, from cold and snowy peaks to milder conditions at lower elevations.
- Diverse Ecosystems: Mountains often host diverse ecosystems due to variations in climate and altitude, with unique flora and fauna.
Scenic Beauty: Many people are drawn to mountains for their natural beauty, making them popular for tourism and outdoor activities.