Natural causes - SS3 Geography Lesson Note

Natural causes of climate change are processes that occur without human intervention. They include:

Plate Tectonics: The movement of Earth's tectonic plates over millions of years can lead to changes in climate. For example, when continents drift, they can create or disrupt ocean currents, which influence climate patterns. The collision of plates can also lead to the formation of mountain ranges, impacting wind and rain patterns.

Solar Output: The amount of energy the Earth receives from the Sun can vary over time. This natural variation in solar radiation can affect climate patterns. For instance, periods of increased solar output can result in warmer temperatures on Earth.

Orbital Variations: Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle but rather an ellipse, and its tilt and wobble change over time. These variations, known as Milankovitch cycles, can influence the distribution of sunlight on Earth's surface, leading to ice ages and warmer periods.

Volcanism: Volcanic eruptions release gases and particles into the atmosphere. Large eruptions can emit significant amounts of sulfur dioxide, which can reflect sunlight back into space and temporarily cool the planet. However, volcanic activity can also release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.

Ocean Variability: Ocean currents, such as El Niño and La Niña, have a substantial impact on regional and global climates. These natural climate phenomena result from variations in ocean temperatures and circulation patterns and can cause shifts in weather patterns.

Ocean Currents: Long-term changes in ocean currents can have profound effects on climate. For example, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a crucial role in regulating temperatures in the North Atlantic region. Changes in AMOC strength can lead to alterations in climate patterns.

Meteorite Impacts: Occasionally, large meteorite impacts can release massive amounts of energy, dust, and debris into the atmosphere. This can have short-term but significant cooling effects on the climate due to the blocking of sunlight.