Nature and structure of Nigerian federalism - SS2 Government Lesson Note

Before Independence (1914-1959):

Before Nigeria gained independence in 1960, the country was under colonial rule. Nigeria was divided into three regions: Northern, Western, and Eastern. Each region had its own government and was responsible for its own affairs. However, the central government, which was controlled by the British colonial administration, had ultimate power over the regions.

1960-1966:

Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960, and the country adopted a federal system of government. The federal government was responsible for national issues such as defense, foreign policy, and currency, while the regions had control over their own affairs. This period saw the emergence of political parties, the Northern Peoples Congress, the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), and the Action Group. Tensions emerged between the regions, particularly between the North and the South.

1967-1975:

In 1967, the Eastern region declared independence as the Republic of Biafra, which led to a civil war that lasted until 1970. After the war, the federal government implemented a policy of reconciliation and reconstruction, which aimed to unite the country and promote development. During this period, the government created 12 states, which were designed to promote greater equity and representation.

1976 to date:

The federal system of government has continued to evolve since the end of the civil war. In 1979, Nigeria adopted a new constitution that included provisions for greater regional autonomy and representation. However, the country has faced several challenges, including issues of revenue allocation, corruption, and political instability. Efforts have been made to address these challenges through constitutional reforms, national conferences, and other initiatives aimed at promoting national unity and development.