Prevention And Control Of Crop Pests And Diseases - SS1 Biology Lesson Note

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I. Prevention Measures

A. Crop selection and rotation

1. Choosing resistant varieties

2. Rotating crops to disrupt pest life cycles

B. Sanitation practices

1. Removing crop residues and weed hosts

2. Cleaning equipment to prevent disease spread

C. Quarantine and biosecurity

1. Implementing strict entry controls for plants and materials

2. Monitoring and controlling movement of pests and diseases

II. Cultural Control Methods

A. Crop management practices

1. Proper irrigation and drainage

2. Adequate fertilization and soil management

B. Timing and spacing

1. Planting crops at optimal times

2. Providing adequate spacing between plants

C. Crop diversification

1. Intercropping and companion planting

2. Creating habitats for beneficial organisms

Figure 85 image from istockphoto.com

III. Biological Control

A. Introduction of natural enemies

1. Releasing beneficial insects, predators, or parasites

2. Using biological control agents such as nematodes or fungi

B. Conservation of natural enemies

1. Providing shelter and food sources

2. Reducing pesticide use to protect beneficial organisms

IV. Chemical Control

A. Pesticide application

1. Selecting appropriate pesticides for specific pests and diseases

2. Following recommended application rates and safety precautions

B. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

1. Monitoring pest populations and determining action thresholds

2. Using pesticides as a last resort in combination with other control methods

Figure 86 image from Britannica.com

V. Genetic Control

A. Breeding for resistance

1. Developing crop varieties with natural resistance to pests and diseases

2. Utilizing genetic engineering techniques for targeted resistance

B. Biotechnology and genetic modification

1. Incorporating genes from other organisms for enhanced pest resistance