Speech work: Review of Consonants /t, k, b, d, g/ - JSS2 English language Lesson Note

Speech work: Review of Consonants /t, k, b, d, g/

/t/ sound:

The /t/ sound is a voiceless, alveolar plosive consonant.
It is produced by stopping the airflow with the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge (the area just behind the upper front teeth) and then releasing it with a sudden burst of air.
The vocal cords do not vibrate during the production of the /t/ sound, hence it is voiceless.
Examples of words containing the /t/ sound in initial, medial, and final positions:

Initial position: "tiger," "table," "tree," "tennis"
Medial position: "butter," "better," "water," "little"
Final position: "cat," "hat," "mat," "boat"
Practice exercises to articulate and distinguish the /t/ sound:

Tongue tapping: Practice tapping the tongue against the alveolar ridge to produce the /t/ sound. Start slowly and gradually increase the speed.
Minimal pairs: Practice distinguishing between words that differ only in the presence of the /t/ sound, such as "bat" and "bad," "hit" and "hid."
Tongue twisters: Repeat tongue twisters containing the /t/ sound, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers" or "Two tiny tigers tried to trot to town."
Syllable segmentation: Break down words into syllables and emphasize the /t/ sound in each syllable. For example, in the word "butter," emphasize the /t/ sound in both syllables: "but-ter."
Reading aloud: Practice-reading passages or sentences containing words with the /t/ sound. Focus on clear articulation and pronunciation of the /t/ sound in each word.
Mirror exercises: Using a mirror to observe the movement of your tongue and lips while producing the /t/ sound. Ensure that the tongue makes contact with the alveolar ridge and that the lips remain relaxed.
These exercises will help to improve articulation and clarity of the /t/ sound, enhancing overall speech proficiency.

/k/ sound:
Manner of Articulation: The /k/ sound is a voiceless, velar plosive consonant. It is produced by blocking the airflow at the back of the mouth using the back of the tongue (the velum) and then releasing it with a burst.
Place of Articulation: The /k/ sound is produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum.
Examples of Words: Initial: "cat," "key," "car"; Medial: "baker," "speaker," "make"; Final: "back," "rock," "pick."
Practice Exercises: Tongue tapping against the velum, minimal pair exercises (e.g., "cat" vs. "cap"), tongue twisters containing the /k/ sound, syllable segmentation with emphasis on the /k/ sound.

/b/ sound:
Manner of Articulation: The /b/ sound is a voiced, bilabial plosive consonant. It is produced by closing the lips together and then releasing them with a burst of air.
Place of Articulation: The /b/ sound is produced by bringing both lips together.
Examples of Words: Initial: "bat," "book," "bag"; Medial: "rabbit," "cabin," "subtle"; Final: "cab," "rob," "rib."
Practice Exercises: Lip closure and release, minimal pairs (e.g., "bat" vs. "pat"), tongue twisters with the /b/ sound, reading aloud passages with words containing the /b/ sound.

/d/ sound:
Manner of Articulation: The /d/ sound is a voiced, alveolar plosive consonant. It is produced by stopping the airflow with the tongue against the alveolar ridge and then releasing it with a burst.
Place of Articulation: The /d/ sound is produced by raising the front of the tongue to the alveolar ridge.
Examples of Words: Initial: "dog," "door," "day"; Medial: "ladder," "lady," "middle"; Final: "mad," "seed," "bed."
Practice Exercises: Tongue tapping against the alveolar ridge, minimal pairs (e.g., "dot" vs. "got"), tongue twisters incorporating the /d/ sound, reading exercises focusing on words with the /d/ sound.

/g/ sound:
Manner of Articulation: The /g/ sound is a voiced, velar plosive consonant. It is produced by blocking the airflow at the back of the mouth using the back of the tongue and then releasing it with a burst.
Place of Articulation: The /g/ sound is produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum.
Examples of Words: Initial: "go," "give," "girl"; Medial: "figure," "agony," "eager"; Final: "leg," "bag," "big."
Practice Exercises: Velum closure and release, minimal pair exercises (e.g., "got" vs. "cot"), tongue twisters incorporating the /g/ sound, reading passages containing words with the /g/ sound.