Structure Of The Flower - SS2 Biology Lesson Note

The flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperm plants (flowering plants). It is composed of several different parts, each with its own specific structure and function. Here are the main structures of a typical flower:

1.       Petals: Petals are the colorful and often fragrant parts of the flower. They are usually the most visually striking part and serve to attract pollinators like insects, birds, or bats. The number, shape, color, and arrangement of petals can vary greatly between different species.

2.       Sepals: Sepals are the leaf-like structures located at the base of the flower. They protect the developing bud before it opens and often serve as support for the petals. Sepals are usually green, but they can also be brightly colored and resemble petals in some flowers.

3.       Stamens: Stamens are the male reproductive organs of the flower. Each stamen typically consists of a slender filament and an anther at the top. The anther produces and holds pollen, which contains the male gametes (sperm cells). The number of stamens in a flower can vary.

4.       Carpels/Pistils: Carpels, also called pistils, are the female reproductive organs of the flower. Each carpel consists of an ovary, a style, and a stigma. The ovary contains one or more ovules, which house the female gametes (egg cells). The style is a slender tube that connects the ovary to the stigma, which receives pollen during pollination.

5.       Receptacle: The receptacle is the swollen base of the flower that holds all the other flower parts. It is located at the end of the stem and provides support for the entire flower.

6.       Peduncle: The peduncle is the stalk-like structure that attaches the flower to the main stem or branch. It is responsible for supporting the flower and providing it with nutrients and water.

7.       Inflorescence: In some plants, multiple flowers are grouped together in a structure called an inflorescence. Examples include the umbel, raceme, spike, panicle, and corymb. The inflorescence arrangement can vary depending on the plant species.

8.       Nectaries: Nectaries are specialized structures within the flower that produce nectar. Nectar is a sweet liquid that serves as a reward for pollinators, attracting them to the flower. Nectaries can be located on various flower parts, such as the base of petals, sepals, or within the receptacle.

      These structures work together to facilitate pollination and fertilization, leading to the production of seeds and the development of fruits. The diversity in flower structures is driven by the need to attract specific pollinators and ensure successful reproduction for the plant species.