structure- Review of (Prefix and Suffix) - JSS2 English language Lesson Note

Grammar: Review of Prefix and Suffix

Understanding prefixes and suffixes is essential in enhancing vocabulary and improving comprehension of the English language. Prefixes and suffixes are groups of letters added to the beginning or end of a root word to change its meaning. They help in forming new words and understanding their meanings.

Prefixes

A prefix is a group of letters added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning. 

Common Prefixes and Their Meanings:

1. Un-: Not or opposite of
   - Example: Unhappy (not happy)
   
2. Re-: Again or back
   - Example: Rewrite (write again)
   
3. Dis-: Not, opposite of
   - Example: Disagree (not agree)
   
4. Pre-: Before
   - Example: Preview (view before)
   
5. Mis-: Wrongly
   - Example: Misunderstand (understand wrongly)
   
6. Non-: Not
   - Example: Nonstop (not stopping)
   
7. Sub-: Under or below
   - Example: Subway (way under ground)
   
8. Inter-: Between or among
   - Example: International (between nations)
   
9. Super-: Above or beyond
   - Example: Superhuman (beyond human)
   
10. Anti-: Against
    - Example: Antisocial (against social norms)

Suffixes

A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word to alter its form or meaning.

Common Suffixes and Their Meanings:

1. -ful: Full of
   - Example: Joyful (full of joy)
   
2. -less: Without
   - Example: Hopeless (without hope)
   
3. -ness: State of being
   - Example: Happiness (state of being happy)
   
4. -able / -ible: Capable of being
   - Example: Breakable (capable of being broken), Edible (capable of being eaten)
   
5. -er / -or: One who
   - Example: Teacher (one who teaches), Actor (one who acts)
   
6. -ly: In the manner of
   - Example: Quickly (in a quick manner)
   
7. -ment: State or condition
   - Example: Enjoyment (state of enjoying)
   
8. -tion / -sion: State of being or action
   - Example: Celebration (the action of celebrating), Decision (the state of deciding)
   
9. -ous: Full of
   - Example: Dangerous (full of danger)
   
10. -ive: Having the nature of
    - Example: Creative (having the nature of creating)

Formation of Words with Prefixes and Suffixes

Prefixes and suffixes can be added to root words to create new words with different meanings.

Examples:

1. Root Word: Happy
   - Prefix: Unhappy (not happy)
   - Suffix: Happiness (state of being happy)
   
2. Root Word: Understand
   - Prefix: Misunderstand (understand wrongly)
   - Suffix: Understanding (the state of understanding)
   
3. Root Word: Act
   - Prefix: React (act again)
   - Suffix: Action (the state of acting)

 Importance of Prefixes and Suffixes

1. Vocabulary Expansion: Understanding prefixes and suffixes helps in learning new words and expanding vocabulary.
2. Improved Comprehension: Recognizing prefixes and suffixes aids in understanding the meanings of complex words.
3. Spelling Skills: Knowing how prefixes and suffixes alter root words can improve spelling skills.
4. Grammar Proficiency: Using prefixes and suffixes correctly enhances grammatical accuracy in writing and speaking.

Exercises

 Exercise 1: Identify Prefixes and Suffixes

Identify the prefixes and suffixes in the following words and state their meanings.

1. Unbelievable: 
   - Prefix: Un- (not)
   - Suffix: -able (capable of being)
   
2. Redecorate:
   - Prefix: Re- (again)
   
3. Careless:
   - Suffix: -less (without)
   
4. Joyful:
   - Suffix: -ful (full of)
   
5. Submarine:
   - Prefix: Sub- (under)

Exercise 2: Create New Words

Creating new words by adding appropriate prefixes or suffixes to the following root words.

1. Help: Helpful, Helpless
2. Play: Replay, Player
3. Hope: Hopeless, Hopeful
4. Appear: Disappear, Reappear
5. Friend: Friendship, Friendly

Conclusion

Understanding prefixes and suffixes is vital for mastering the English language. They not only help in forming new words but also in enhancing comprehension and communication skills. Regular practice and application of these concepts will significantly improve vocabulary and language proficiency.