Subdivision of the computer system - JSS1 Computer Sudies Lesson Note

The subdivision of a computer system into hardware and software represents a fundamental classification that distinguishes the tangible physical components from the intangible programs and instructions that govern their operation. This distinction is crucial for understanding the roles and functionalities of different elements within a computer system.

 

HARDWARE:

Hardware encompasses all the physical components of a computer system that one can touch and see. Examples include the Central Processing Unit (CPU), which is the core processing unit responsible for executing instructions, as well as memory (RAM and ROM), storage devices (such as Hard Disk Drives - HDD, Solid State Drives - SSD, and optical drives), and input/output devices like keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers. The motherboard acts as the main circuit board connecting various components, and networking components, including Network Interface Cards (NIC) and modems, contribute to communication capabilities.

SOFTWARE:

Software refers to the intangible programs, instructions, and data that control and coordinate the hardware components. It provides the logic and functionality that governs how the hardware operates. Software is categorized into several types, including the Operating System (OS), which is foundational for managing hardware resources and providing a user interface. Device drivers are software that enables communication between the operating system and specific hardware components, ensuring compatibility and functionality. Utilities, such as antivirus software and system maintenance tools, perform specific tasks, and applications, like word processors, web browsers, and games, are designed for end-users to accomplish specific objectives. Programming languages, such as Python, Java, and C++, serve as tools for creating software.

 

INTERDEPENDENCE:

Hardware and software are interdependent and work together to execute tasks. The hardware provides the physical platform for software to run, while the software directs and utilizes the hardware to perform specific functions. For example, an operating system manages hardware resources, and applications utilize the operating system to run on the computer.

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