2019 - JAMB Biology Past Questions and Answers - page 7
The association between two organisms living together in which only one benefits from the association while the other is neither benefited nor harmed is
Predation
Competition
Commensalism
Dispersal
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. Wikipedia
Which of the following will have the least effect on the rate of change of the numbers in a population
Mutation
Food Supply
Disease
Predation
Mutation involves the changes in the gene resulting in an inheritable character. This does not have an effect on the rate of change of population.
Which of the following controls all voluntary actions
Olfactory lobes
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Pons varolii
With the assistance of the cerebellum, the cerebrum controls all voluntary actions in the human body
Which of the following statement describes an autonomic nervous system
It always stimulates effectors
Activities are voluntary
It dials with external stimuli and their responses
It affects glands, cardia muscles and smooth muscles
The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands.
The glomerular filtrate contains the following except
Water
Urea
Blood Corpuscles
Glucose
The main function of the glomerulus is to filter plasma to produce glomerular filtrate, which passes down the length of the nephron tubule to form urine.
One of the following is not the theory of natural selection stated by Charles Dawin
Characteristics acquired through use or disuse are transmitted offspring
Variations appear by themselves in a population
Heredity variations are transmitted to offspring
Species that are the fittest for the environment contribute more offsprings to the next needs of the generation
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which in his view is intentional, whereas natural selection is not.
Ecology is best defined as the study of
The characteristics of an environment
The inter-relationship between living organisms and the environment
Living organisms in a particular area
The habitats and wild life
Ecology is a branch of biology concerning interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment, which includes both biotic and abiotic components. Wikipedia
The following processes are involved during expiration in man except
The inter costal muscles relax
The thoracic activity first increases in volume
The sternum moves inward
The ribs are moved downwards and inwards
For the respiration process in humans, during expiration, the thoracic cavity does not increase in volume
Which of the following is an example of continous variation?
Human blood groups
Sex difference in human
Haemoglobin types
Height in humans
Continuous variations are the variations that change gradually within a population. A good example is height in humans.
One of the following is an effect of clay soil on vegetation
Supports luxuriant vegetation such as forest
Supports scanty vegetation
Does not support light vegetation
Support arid vegetation
Clay soil hold more water than sandy soils and are often high in nutrients plants need. But clay soils can become so waterlogged that they deprive plant roots of oxygen, or so dry that they become too hard to dig in.