2019 - JAMB Biology Past Questions and Answers - page 7

Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. Wikipedia

Mutation involves the changes in the gene resulting in an inheritable character. This does not have an effect on the rate of change of population.

With the assistance of the cerebellum, the cerebrum controls all voluntary actions in the human body

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands.

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The main function of the glomerulus is to filter plasma to produce glomerular filtrate, which passes down the length of the nephron tubule to form urine.

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which in his view is intentional, whereas natural selection is not.

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Ecology is a branch of biology concerning interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment, which includes both biotic and abiotic components. Wikipedia

For the respiration process in humans, during expiration, the thoracic cavity does not increase in volume

Continuous variations are the variations that change gradually within a population. A good example is height in humans.

Clay soil hold more water than sandy soils and are often high in nutrients plants need. But clay soils can become so waterlogged that they deprive plant roots of oxygen, or so dry that they become too hard to dig in.