2008 - JAMB Government Past Questions and Answers - page 4

A member of the Commonwealth that was not colonized by Britain is Malaysia

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries came into existence at a conference held in Baghdad.

According to G.A.I. Ofoegbu, the successful nationalization of oil industries by Mexico and Iran contributed to the foundation of OPEC.

As a result of the above developments, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Venezuela held a conference in Baghdad, Iraq on September 14, 1960 to lay the foundation of OPEC. Again so many authors commonly agreed that the governments of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela met in Baghdad on 14th September, 1960, and founded the Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries (OPEC)

ECOWAS main achievement in recent years has been in the area of Political Unity.

The fact that many countries with different colonial backgrounds came together and have remained together in the last sixteen years is a remarkable achievement. It is due to unity that the sub-region has been able to think of certain projects to link the 10,000km high way projects such to link the capital cities of the member states. Another is the establishment of ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) which has succeeded in bringing about peace in certain places such as Liberia and Sierra Leone in 1998 and 1999 respectively.

The UN has carried out peace keeping operations in Cyprus, Somalia and Yugoslavia .

Comprehensive Government for West African Senior School Certificate by E.O. Ibezim (2002) maintained that one of the achievements of the United Nations Organization was the question of effecting peace-keeping operations in Congo, Cyprus, the Middle East and in Somalia while Essential Government by Dible C. Chris (2003) has Yugoslavia, Somalia, Lebanon, etc.

The Assembly of Heads of State and Government main was the organ of the defunct OAU.

It was the highest decision making body of the OAU.

Other organs were as follows:

1. The Council of Ministers

2. The Secretariat and

3. The Commission for Mediation and Arbitration.

A key characteristic of the civil service is Merit System.

Recruitment into the Civil Service should be based on merit and not on quota or favouritism.

This is to enable the Civil Servants to perform their functions very well and then ensure the success of the government.

Republicanism is a perverted form of democracy.

It is a representative democracy in which government is by the consent of the people. In short, it is a true test of Democracy.

Kingship, aristocracy and constitutional government are the true constitutional forms but they all have perversions that come to being when the rulers of these governments are catering self-interest instead of the common interest. Kingship turns to tyranny when perverted, aristocracy turns to oligarchy and democracy is the perversion of the constitutional government of many. Democracy is the rule of the many poor who work for the interest of the needy while oligarchy is the rule of the few rich that take only their interest in account as rulers. And tyranny, the perversion of monarchy is a constitution formed for the interest of the one tyrannical ruler.

An example of a state with an unwritten constitution is Britain.

An unwritten constitution is that which does not have its components or general provisions written down in one document. For instance, the British Constitution is primarily an unwritten constitution.

It should be noted that some parts of British Constitution are really written. e.g.

1. The Great Charter (1215) or Magna Certa.

2. The Petition of Rights (1628)

3. The Poor Law (1601)

A characteristic of a fascist state is the existence of a zero-party system.

If party were to exist, it must be only one party and there must be no political opposition