2010 - JAMB Government Past Questions and Answers - page 2

One of the general tenets of fascists doctrine is that a leader is supreme relative to the constitution.

Facism condemns both capitalism and socialism. It also refuses to accept peace, democracy and the rule of law.

Facism believes strongly in the superiority of some human beings.

In a cabinet system of government, executive power is exercised by them head of government.

One of the major characteristics of Cabinet system of government is that the Prime Minister is the head of government while the President, Queen or King is the head of state eg. Britain.

The Prime Minister who is the Chief executive or head of government exercises the real executive powers. Another example is Nigeria during the First Republic.

The principle of separation of powers is best practiced in the presidential system.

There is no fusion between the executive and the legislature in the Presidential system of government. The two organs are separated both in function and membership.

A typical form of delegated legislation is Bye-law.

Bye-laws are made by local governments on a variety of subjects such as markets, education health, parks, etc.

The rights of a citizen can be withdrawn by the state if the person is convicted of a serious crime.

One of the examples of such serious crime is treasonable felony.

An electoral process in which candidates are selected for elective offices by party members is primary election.

It should be realized that Primary election is an election which is conducted within a political party to choose the candidate or flag-bearer of the party at the general election.

In theory, one major advantage of the one-party system is that it serves as an instrument of national integration.

According to Ofoegbu G. (1979), it encourages national integration especially in multi-ethnic societies.

A tactic employed by pressure groups to achieve their objectives is lobby members of the legislature in order to pass laws that will favour their members. Example is Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) when fighting for increase in salaries.

Public opinion can be measured through referendum.

Referendum is the submission to the electorate for approval or rejection of some aspects of legislation. It is a nice tool for measuring public opinion. Thhis is so due to the fact that it gives out an aggregate view of the people's opinion on a particular public policy. Other methods of measuring public opinion are:

1. Direct Observation

2. Survey or Opinion Poll

3. Secondary Sources e.g Information from libraries

4. Election

5. Through Mass Media.

Implementing government policies is the main function of the civil service.

Civil service is a body of permanent officials who carry out day-to-day business of government.

It is a body or department which is in the executive arm of the government responsible for the execution of the policies and programmes of the government. The civil service and its workers known as civil servants perform purely administrative and executive function which embraces formulation and implementation of government polices.