Agricultural Practices and Techniques - JSS1 Agricultural science Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Traditional farming systems are characterised by their reliance on manual labour and methods passed down through generations. These systems often involve small-scale, subsistence farming, with a focus on preserving cultural practices. Traditional farmers may use simple tools like hand-held ploughs and rely on natural methods for pest control. In contrast, modern/commercial farming systems employ advanced machinery, technology, and commercial practices to maximise production.

Agriculture significantly contributes to the economy of a country by generating income, providing employment opportunities, and supplying raw materials for various industries. In crop production, the sale of crops like wheat, rice, and vegetables contributes directly to national income.

Sustainable practices in agriculture are essential for ensuring the long-term environmental and economic viability of farming systems. Methods such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and integrated pest management contribute to preserving soil health, reducing the need for synthetic inputs, and promoting biodiversity.

Sustainable farming methods focus on resource conservation and environmental protection. Crop rotation, for instance, involves alternating crops in a field to enhance soil fertility and disrupt pest cycles. Cover cropping is another sustainable practice where specific crops are planted during fallow periods to prevent soil erosion and improve soil structure.

Agriculture plays a vital role in contributing to the overall economy of a country through various means. Traditional farming practices, often prevalent in rural areas, contribute to employment and income generation for local communities. For example, small-scale traditional farming in sub-Saharan Africa supports local livelihoods through the cultivation of staple crops. In contrast, modern/commercial farming, with its use of advanced machinery and technology, contributes to industrial development by supplying raw materials for agro-processing industries. Large-scale commercial farms producing cash crops, such as cotton or sugarcane, significantly impact the national economy by providing raw materials for textile or sugar industries.