Review of Key Concepts - JSS1 Agricultural science Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Understanding the interconnectedness of agricultural systems is crucial for sustainable farming practices. This concept emphasises the interdependence of crops, livestock, and the environment in agricultural ecosystems. For instance, proper crop rotation not only enhances soil fertility but also reduces pest pressure, benefiting both crops and livestock. Moreover, integrating livestock into cropping systems through practices like rotational grazing can improve soil health by recycling nutrients and enhancing soil structure. Recognizing these interconnections allows farmers to implement holistic and sustainable farming practices that optimise resource use, minimise environmental impacts, and promote ecosystem resilience.

Sustainable resource management in agriculture prioritises the preservation and enhancement of soil, water, and biodiversity for long-term productivity and environmental health. Soil conservation techniques such as minimal tillage and cover cropping help prevent soil erosion and maintain soil fertility. Efficient water management practices like drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting conserve water resources and minimise wastage. Biodiversity conservation measures, such as maintaining hedgerows and riparian buffers, support natural pest control and ecosystem services. By implementing these principles, farmers can sustainably manage resources, mitigate environmental degradation, and ensure the resilience of agricultural systems.

Economic considerations significantly influence decision-making in agriculture. Cost-benefit analysis helps farmers evaluate the financial viability of different farming practices and investment decisions. Understanding market dynamics, including supply and demand fluctuations and price trends, enables farmers to adapt their production strategies to maximise profitability. Additionally, agricultural economics provides insights into resource allocation, risk management, and policy implications for farm management. By incorporating economic principles into decision-making processes, farmers can optimise resource use, enhance farm profitability, and contribute to sustainable agricultural development.

Organic farming, agroecology, and conservation agriculture are all approaches to sustainable agriculture that prioritise environmental stewardship and resilience in farming. Organic farming emphasises the use of natural inputs and prohibits synthetic chemicals to promote soil health and produce healthy crops. Agroecology integrates ecological principles into agricultural systems, enhancing biodiversity and supporting natural pest control. Conservation agriculture focuses on reducing soil erosion, improving water use efficiency, and enhancing soil health through minimal tillage, cover cropping, and crop rotation. While each approach has unique principles and practices, they share a common goal of promoting sustainable farming systems that minimise environmental impacts and enhance farm resilience.

Agricultural practices can have significant environmental impacts, including soil erosion, water pollution, habitat destruction, and greenhouse gas emissions. Soil erosion from intensive tillage and monoculture farming reduces soil fertility and degrades ecosystems. Chemical fertilisers and pesticides can leach into water bodies, contaminating water sources and harming aquatic life. Deforestation for agricultural expansion destroys natural habitats and reduces biodiversity. Additionally, livestock farming contributes to greenhouse gas emissions through methane production and deforestation for pastureland. Adopting environmentally friendly approaches such as organic farming, agroecology, and conservation agriculture can mitigate these impacts, promote ecosystem health, and contribute to sustainable food production.