Importance of Agriculture (Continued) and Branches of Agriculture - JSS2 Agricultural science Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Subsistence agriculture focuses on meeting the food needs of the farmer and their family, typically on a small scale with minimal surplus for sale. In contrast, commercial agriculture is oriented towards profit and market-oriented production, often involving large-scale farming practices and specialised crops or livestock. Subsistence farming relies heavily on traditional methods and manual labour, while commercial agriculture utilises modern technologies and machinery for efficiency and higher yields.

Mixed farming involves the simultaneous cultivation of crops and raising of livestock on the same farm. One advantage of mixed farming is increased resource utilisation and efficiency, as crop residues can be used as feed for animals, and animal manure can fertilise crops. Additionally, mixed farming diversifies income sources and reduces dependency on a single agricultural enterprise.

Technological advancements have revolutionised agriculture, leading to increased productivity and sustainability. Precision farming utilises technologies like GPS and sensors to optimise crop management practices, resulting in precise application of inputs, reduced waste, and improved resource efficiency. Genetic engineering enables the development of crops with enhanced traits such as pest resistance, drought tolerance, and higher yields, addressing challenges in food production and environmental sustainability.

Current issues in agriculture, including climate change, food security, and the adoption of emerging technologies, pose significant challenges. Discussing these challenges provides insights into the complex landscape of modern agriculture. Additionally, exploring future trends, such as advancements in precision agriculture and sustainable practices, offers a glimpse into the potential trajectory of the agricultural sector.

Agriculture varies globally due to regional factors such as climate, geography, and cultural preferences. Cash crops are grown for sale rather than personal consumption, with regions specialising in crops like coffee, cocoa, and cotton based on suitability for local climates and soil conditions. Livestock farming systems vary in methods and scale, influenced by regional resources and cultural traditions. These agricultural practices have economic and social implications, providing income opportunities for farmers, supporting rural livelihoods, and contributing to local and global food supply chains.