Introduction to Energy - JSS2 Basic technology Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Energy is the capacity to do work and exists in multiple forms such as mechanical, thermal, and electrical energy. It is essential in daily life because it powers transportation, provides electricity for lighting and heating, supports industrial processes, and enables communication and healthcare services. Understanding energy helps optimise its use, promotes sustainability, and drives technological advancements.

Renewable energy sources are derived from naturally replenishing resources like sunlight, wind, and water, ensuring their availability over the long term. In contrast, non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are finite and depleted with use. Renewable energy promotes environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on finite resources compared to non-renewable sources.

Energy powers transportation by fueling vehicles and aeroplanes, facilitating movement of goods and people. In industry, it supports manufacturing processes, machinery operations, and heating/cooling systems, contributing to production efficiency and economic growth. Effective energy management in these sectors enhances productivity, reduces operational costs, and supports sustainable development goals by minimising environmental impact.

Electrical energy is indispensable in modern society as it powers electronic devices, lighting systems, and essential infrastructure such as telecommunications and healthcare facilities. It enables technological advancements, supports digital connectivity, and enhances quality of life by providing reliable access to services and information. Electrical energy's versatility and efficiency make it a cornerstone of economic development and societal progress.

Understanding the distinction between renewable and non-renewable energy sources is crucial for sustainable development as it informs energy policy decisions, investment in infrastructure, and environmental conservation efforts. Promoting renewable energy sources reduces reliance on finite resources, mitigates environmental degradation associated with fossil fuel extraction and combustion, and fosters resilience against climate change impacts. Embracing renewable energy technologies contributes to energy security, economic stability, and global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals.