Types of Motion - JSS2 Basic technology Past Questions and Answers - page 2
Which type of motion is exemplified by the Earth's orbit around the Sun?
Linear motion
Circular motion
Oscillatory motion
Random motion
How does a streamlined shape affect the motion of an object moving through a fluid?
It increases friction
It reduces friction
It stops motion
It changes the direction of motion
Which type of force is involved in preventing objects from slipping on a surface?
Gravitational force
Magnetic force
Frictional force
Electrostatic force
What is the effect of friction on the motion of a sliding object?
It increases speed
It opposes motion
It creates a vacuum
It moves energy
Which of the following best describes oscillatory motion?**
Movement in a straight line
Movement in a circular path
Random movement
Repetitive back-and-forth movement
What is linear motion and where can it be observed in everyday life?
Linear motion is the movement of an object along a straight path. This type of motion can be seen in various everyday situations such as a car driving down a straight road, a person walking along a hallway, and a ball rolling on a flat surface. In these examples, the objects move from one point to another in a direct line without deviating from their path. Linear motion is fundamental in transportation systems, manufacturing processes, and many sports activities where precise, straight-line movement is required.
Explain circular motion and give three practical applications of it.
Circular motion occurs when an object moves in a path around a fixed point or along the circumference of a circle. This type of motion is essential in numerous practical applications. In mechanical systems, gears and pulleys use circular motion to transmit power and enable efficient functioning of machines. Amusement park rides like carousels and Ferris wheels operate on the principles of circular motion, providing entertainment through rotational movement. In astronomy, the orbits of planets around the Sun demonstrate circular motion, playing a crucial role in the gravitational interactions that govern our solar system.
Describe oscillatory motion and its importance in timekeeping and music.
Oscillatory motion is characterised by repetitive back-and-forth movement about a central point or equilibrium position. In timekeeping, the pendulum of a clock exhibits oscillatory motion, swinging back and forth in a consistent rhythm to keep accurate time. This principle is essential for the precise measurement of time in pendulum clocks and other timing devices. In music, the vibration of guitar strings when plucked produces sound through oscillatory motion. The back-and-forth movement of the strings creates sound waves, allowing musical instruments to generate the tones and harmonies we hear in musical compositions.
How does friction affect the motion of objects, and what are some methods to reduce it?
Friction opposes the motion of objects, creating resistance that can both aid and hinder movement. It allows us to walk without slipping and enables vehicles to grip the road. However, friction also causes wear and tear on mechanical parts and generates heat, reducing the efficiency of machines. To manage and reduce friction, lubrication such as oil or grease can be applied between surfaces to create a slippery layer. Smoothing surfaces through polishing can decrease roughness, while using wheels or rollers can convert sliding friction to rolling friction, which is lower and more manageable.
What are the effects of gravitational force on objects, and how does it influence motion?
Gravitational force pulls objects towards the Earth, giving them weight based on their mass. This force accelerates objects downward at approximately 9.8 metres per second squared near the Earth's surface, affecting how they move and interact with their surroundings. It plays a fundamental role in the dynamics of objects in free fall and is a key factor in understanding planetary motion and the behaviour of celestial bodies in space.