Anatomy and Physiology - SS1 Agriculture Past Questions and Answers - page 2
What is the primary role of the reticulum in a ruminant's digestive system?
Fermentation of food
Re-chewing of cud
Absorption of nutrients
Storage of food
Which system focuses on the physical components and structures of organisms?
Physiology
Botany
Anatomy
Microbiology
Which organ in the digestive system primarily breaks down proteins?
Small intestine
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
What is the main goal of physiology?
Describe organism structure
Study ecological interactions
Investigate genetic variations
Explore organism functions
In the monogastric digestive system, where does most nutrient absorption take place?
Stomach
Esophagus
Small intestine
Large intestine
Explain the fundamental difference between anatomy and physiology.
Anatomy is the study of the physical structure and organization of living organisms, focusing on their form and components. Physiology, on the other hand, deals with the functions and processes that occur within these organisms.
Describe the process of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive system and its significance.
Microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive system is a process where microorganisms break down complex carbohydrates in the rumen, producing substances like volatile fatty acids. This fermentation allows ruminants to digest fibrous plant materials efficiently.
Compare and contrast the digestive systems of monogastric and ruminant animals.
Monogastric animals have a single-chambered stomach and a simpler digestive system, while ruminants have a complex, four-chambered stomach with a specialized fermentation chamber called the rumen. This difference allows ruminants to digest fibrous plant material more effectively.
What role does saliva play in the digestive process, and how does it contribute to overall digestion?
Saliva plays a role in the digestive process by moistening and lubricating food, making it easier to swallow. It also contains enzymes like amylase, which begin breaking down carbohydrates.
Discuss the primary functions and compartments of the ruminant stomach in detail, highlighting their unique roles in digestion.
The ruminant stomach consists of four chambers: rumen (fermentation), reticulum (mechanical digestion), omasum (water absorption), and abomasum (final digestion). The rumen is the key forage fermentation chamber, where microbes break down cellulose, aiding in digestion and nutrient production for the ruminant.