Networks - SS3 ICT Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Network topology refers to the arrangement or layout of devices and links in a computer network. It defines how devices are interconnected and how data flows within the network. Examples of different network topologies include:

• Star Topology: Devices are connected to a central hub or switch.
• Bus Topology: Devices are connected to a central cable or "bus."
• Ring Topology: Devices form a circular chain where data travels in a ring.
• Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device.
• Hybrid Topology: A combination of two or more basic topologies within a network.

A router in a computer network has several key functions:

• It connects different networks, such as a local network to the internet.
• It assigns IP addresses to devices on the local network.
• It directs data between networks based on IP addresses, ensuring data reaches its intended destination.
• It provides network security through features like Network Address Translation (NAT) and firewall rules.
• It manages traffic and optimizes data transmission to ensure efficient network performance

Mesh network topology offers several advantages over other topologies:

• High reliability and fault tolerance: Redundant paths ensure data can still flow if one link or device fails.
• Scalability: It's easy to add new devices to the network without disrupting existing connections.
• Data security: Data is not broadcast but sent directly to the intended recipient, enhancing security.
• Load balancing: Traffic can be distributed across multiple paths, preventing congestion.
• Self-healing: Mesh networks can automatically reroute data if a link or device goes down.

A firewall is a crucial component of network security. It contributes to security by:

• Filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined rules, blocking unauthorized access and malicious content.
• Monitoring network activity and identifying suspicious patterns or threats.
• Implementing Network Address Translation (NAT) to hide internal IP addresses from external networks.
• Enforcing security policies to prevent data breaches and cyberattacks.
• Providing an essential layer of defense against various online threats, such as viruses, malware, and hackers.

Firewalls are essential in modern networks because they help protect sensitive data, prevent unauthorized access, and ensure the network's integrity and availability in an increasingly interconnected and digital world.

Networking has had a profound impact on the global economy and society. Benefits include:

• Facilitating global communication, trade, and collaboration.
• Enabling remote work and online education.
• Driving innovation in technology and business models.
• Enhancing access to information, services, and entertainment.