Discuss the concept of refrigerant selection in... - SS2 Physics Heat and Thermodynamics Question

The selection of refrigerants in refrigeration and heat pump systems is crucial due to environmental and performance considerations. Refrigerants should possess desirable thermodynamic properties, including appropriate boiling and condensing points, specific heat capacities, and latent heat of vaporisation. Environmental factors such as ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) also play a significant role in refrigerant selection. The phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) due to their harmful effects on the ozone layer has led to the adoption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as a temporary solution.

 

However, HFCs have high GWP, contributing to global warming. As a result, the industry is now transitioning towards low-GWP alternatives such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and natural refrigerants like ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons. The selection of a suitable refrigerant involves a careful evaluation of performance, safety, environmental impact, and regulatory compliance.