Discuss the principles and applications of filt... - SS3 Chemistry Analytical Chemistry I: Qualitative Analysis Question

Filtration is a separation technique that relies on a porous barrier to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas based on particle size. The principle behind filtration is that smaller particles pass through the pores of the filter, while larger particles are retained, leading to the separation of the mixture. Filtration is widely used in industries and research fields for various purposes.

In the pharmaceutical industry, filtration is a crucial step in the production of drugs and medicines. It is used to remove impurities, separate crystals, and sterilise liquids. For example, during the manufacturing of antibiotics, filtration is employed to remove microbial contaminants, ensuring the final product is safe for consumption.

In environmental science and water treatment, filtration plays a vital role in purifying drinking water and wastewater. Large-scale filtration systems are used to remove suspended particles, sediments, and microorganisms, making water safe for human use and minimising environmental impacts.

Laboratories use filtration in research and analysis processes. For instance, in chemical analysis, filtration is utilised to separate a solid precipitate from a liquid solution after a chemical reaction. This enables researchers to isolate and study the solid compound further.