Question on: SS1 Chemistry - States of Matter

Solids and liquids are two of the three fundamental states of matter, each possessing distinct properties that contribute to their unique behaviour.

 

Properties of Solids:

-       Structural arrangement: Solids have a highly ordered arrangement of particles. The particles in a solid are closely packed, forming a regular pattern or lattice structure. This ordered arrangement gives solids their definite shape and volume.

-       Strong intermolecular forces: The intermolecular forces in solids are relatively strong, leading to high cohesion between particles. These forces result in solids retaining their shape and exhibiting rigidity.

-       Incompressibility: Solids are virtually incompressible, meaning their volume does not easily change under the application of external pressure. The tightly packed particles in solids prevent significant changes in volume.

-       Lack of fluidity: Solids do not flow, as the particles are held in fixed positions by intermolecular forces. They can only vibrate around their equilibrium positions.

 

Properties of Liquids:

-       Structural arrangement: Liquids have a less ordered arrangement of particles compared to solids. The particles in a liquid are still close together but can move past each other, allowing for fluidity.

-       Weaker intermolecular forces: The intermolecular forces in liquids are weaker than in solids. While these forces still exist, they are not strong enough to maintain a fixed shape. Liquids take the shape of their container.

-       Compressibility: Liquids are generally considered to be incompressible, although they can be compressed to a small extent under high pressures. The relatively close packing of particles in liquids allows for slight changes in volume.

-       Ability to flow: Liquids have the ability to flow and take the shape of their container. The particles can move past each other, allowing liquids to pour and spread.