Discuss the strengths and limitations of the Ar... - SS2 Chemistry Acids, Bases, and pH Question

Arrhenius Theory:

●     Strengths: The Arrhenius theory provides a simple and straightforward concept of acids and bases in aqueous solutions. It is suitable for understanding common acid-base reactions and is based on observable ionisation behaviour.

●     Limitations: The Arrhenius theory is limited to aqueous solutions and does not account for acid-base reactions in non-aqueous solvents or those without ionisation. It also does not explain acid-base behaviour in the absence of water.

Brønsted-Lowry Theory:

●     Strengths: The Brønsted-Lowry theory expands the concept of acids and bases beyond water and explains acid-base reactions in various solvents. It focuses on proton transfer, which is fundamental to many chemical reactions. It also allows for the understanding of acid-base behaviour in non-aqueous systems.

●     Limitations: The Brønsted-Lowry theory does not address acid-base reactions involving species that do not involve proton transfer, such as Lewis acids and bases. It does not fully explain acid-base behaviour in the absence of solvents.

Lewis Theory:

●     Strengths: The Lewis theory provides a comprehensive understanding of acid-base reactions by including species that do not involve proton transfer, such as metal cations and complex ions. It accounts for acid-base behaviour in non-aqueous systems and is applicable to a wide range of chemical reactions.

●     Limitations: The Lewis theory may be complex and less intuitive than the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry theories. It requires a deeper understanding of electron pair transfer and coordination chemistry.

These acid-base theories enhance our understanding of acid-base reactions by providing different perspectives and explanations for their behaviour. The Arrhenius theory focuses on ionisation in water, the Brønsted-Lowry theory extends the concept to include proton transfer in any solvent, and the Lewis theory encompasses electron pair transfer. Together, they offer a comprehensive framework for understanding acid-base interactions in various chemical systems.