Explain the concept of a magnetic field and how... - SS2 Physics Electromagnetism Question

A magnetic field is a region in space where magnetic forces are exerted on charged particles. It is created by moving charges or current-carrying conductors. When a charged particle moves through a magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic force perpendicular to both its velocity vector and the magnetic field direction. This force follows the right-hand rule, where the thumb points in the direction of the particle's velocity, the fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field, and the palm represents the direction of the magnetic force. This force can cause the particle to change its direction or move in a circular path, depending on the relative directions of the velocity and magnetic field.

For example, consider a positive charge moving to the right in a uniform magnetic field directed into the page. The magnetic force acting on the charge is directed downwards due to the right-hand rule. As a result, the charge experiences a centripetal force towards the centre of its circular path, causing it to move in a circle.