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Explain the concept of complex ions and coordin... - SS3 Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry: Periodic Trends and Properties Question

Explain the concept of complex ions and coordination compounds. Provide examples and discuss their significance in various fields.

Complex ions and coordination compounds are crucial aspects of inorganic chemistry that involve the formation of complexes between metal ions and ligands. A complex ion is formed when a metal ion, acting as the central atom, associates with one or more ligands, which are typically neutral molecules or negatively charged ions. Ligands coordinate with the metal ion through their lone pairs, forming coordinate covalent bonds.

One classic example of a complex ion is the tetra amine copper (II) complex, [Cu(NH3)4]2+. Here, the copper(II) ion (Cu2+) coordinates with four ammonia molecules (NH3) as ligands.

The significance of complex ions and coordination compounds lies in various fields:

1.    Biochemistry: In biological systems, metal ions often form coordination compounds with specific ligands, playing vital roles in enzymes, transport, and signalling processes. For example, haemoglobin contains a coordinated iron(II) ion in the heme group, enabling oxygen transport in the blood.

2.    Medicine: Coordination compounds have found application in medicine, particularly in cancer treatment. Platinum-based coordination complexes like cisplatin have proven effective as anticancer drugs.

3.    Industrial Applications: Complex ions play a crucial role in catalysis and industrial processes. For instance, Wilkinson's catalyst, [RhCl(PPh3)3], is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes.

Environmental Chemistry: Coordination compounds have environmental significance, as they can affect the mobility and toxicity of metal ions in natural systems. Chelating agents form stable complexes with metal ions, influencing their bioavailability and potential environmental impact.

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